Faraz Yousefian DO, Liliana Espinoza PhD, Z. Paul Lorenc, MD, FACS,Sujitha Yadlapati MD, Michael Gold MD, FAAD
AbstractBackground: Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles that are released by all cell types and are theorized to play a crucial role in intercellular communication. Ranging from 40 to 160 nm in diameter, exosomes contain a variety of genetic materi- als including DNA, RNA, mRNA, metabolites, proteins, and lipids depending on their cellular origin. Aim: Given that intercellular communication is abetted by the exchange of cellular components via exosomes, their applied use can have important implications for disease pathology and exosome-based therapeutics. We provide a comprehensive review of the current application of exosomes in medical (and skin) diseases and in cutaneous medical aesthetics. Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed reviewing exosomes and their application in medical and aesthetic fields. Results: While the therapeutic use of exosomes in the treatment of medical and cos- metic dermatological procedures is promising, it is also important to note that most studies implementing exosomes as therapeutic agents have been conducted in pre- clinical models, thus highlighting the need for additional studies and clinical trials. One more important note in the aesthetic world associated with exosomes is that in the United States, at the time of this writing, exosomes may only be topically applied and not injected into the skin, as is done in many countries worldwide. Conclusion: There is a need for additional studies and clinical trials to evaluate the safety and therapeutic effect and safety of exosomes in medical and aesthetic fields.
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